Landmine detection technologies to face the demining problem in antioquia

This paper presents a review of existing landmine detection techniques. The review is made with an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique in relation to the landmine detection problem in Antioquia, which ranks first in Colombia by the number of victims from landmines. According to the uniqueness of landmines and terrains in Antioquia, this paper suggests some research topics that may help in the demining task for this affected department

Numerical error reduction in the extended Kalman filter applied to electrical impedance tomography.

A Tomografia por Impedância Elétrica (TIE) aplica-se no monitoramento contínuo e detecção de alterações pulmonares sérias. Principalmente no ambiente das unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) para a avaliação das condições do paciente em estado crítico submetido à ventilação artificial sem que seja necessário retirar o paciente da UTI e dos diferentes instrumentos de assistência à vida. A técnica permite estimar alterações de impedância nos pulmões. O objetivo deste trabalho é diminuir o erro numérico num algoritmo desenvolvido para TIE, utilizando o Filtro Estendido de Kalman. Especificamente, esse algoritmo aplica-se na a obtenção de imagens dos pulmões do corpo humano. Para realizar tal objetivo foram projetados phantoms compostos por um recipiente circular com solução salina, dentro do qual é colado um objeto cilíndrico de vidro e 32 eletrodos localizados no contorno do recipiente. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo em linguagem C, utilizando a técnica de Filtro Estendido de Kalman para estimação de parâmetros de um modelo de elementos finitos. Foram implementados o procedimento de renumeração da malha de elementos finitos, com o objetivo de obter uma matriz de condutividade de banda, e o procedimento de melhoramento iterativo da solução para diminuir o erro numérico de soluções de sistemas lineares. Foram comparados dois algoritmos, um utilizando matriz de condutividade esparsa Alg Esparsa e outro com matriz de condutividade de banda limitada, obtida por renumeração da malha, e aplicando refinamento iterativo na solução de sistemas lineares, Alg RRI. Obtiveram-se melhores estimativas de impedância e uma melhor estabilidade do algoritmo do Filtro de Kalman com o algoritmo Alg RRI. O erro numérico na inversa da matriz de condutividade e o erro numérico na matriz de sensibilidade são significativamente menores quando se utiliza renumeração da malha e refinamento iterativo da solução de sistemas lineares. A redução de erro numérico nestas matrizes leva a melhores imagens.The Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is applied for the continuing monitoring and detection of serious pulmonar change. It may be used in intensive care units for the evaluation of patient condition in critical state submitted to artificial ventilation. It is not necessary to leave the intensive care unit and disconnect life assist devices. This technique allow estimation of impedance distribution on a cross section of the thorax. The main of this work is the reduction of numerical error in the Kalman Filter for EIT image estimation. Specifically, this algorithm may be applied for estimating lunge impedance distribution. To obtain this objective a phantom was developed. It is constituted by a cilindrical container with saline solution, a glass object is glued to the container, and 32 electrodes attached to the container wall. An algorithm in C language, using the Extended Kalman Filter technique was developed, it is a parameter estimation procedure. Mesh renumbering, to obtain a band limited conductivity matrix and the iterative improvement of the solution of linear systems were implemented. The estimation of impedance distribution was performed. Two different algorithms were considered. One algorithm uses a sparse conductivity matrix, Alg sparse. Another algorithm uses a band limited conductivity matrix and iterative refinement of the solution of linear systems, Alg RRI. Better impedance estimation and better stability of Kalman Filter algorithm was obtained using Alg RRI. The numerical error on the inverse of the conductivity matrix and the numerical error on the sensitivity matrix were smaller on algorithm Alg RRI. The numerical error reduction on the conductivity matrix and on the sensitivity matrix produced better images

Numerical error reduction in the extended Kalman filter applied to electrical impedance tomography.

A Tomografia por Impedância Elétrica (TIE) aplica-se no monitoramento contínuo e detecção de alterações pulmonares sérias. Principalmente no ambiente das unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) para a avaliação das condições do paciente em estado crítico submetido à ventilação artificial sem que seja necessário retirar o paciente da UTI e dos diferentes instrumentos de assistência à vida. A técnica permite estimar alterações de impedância nos pulmões. O objetivo deste trabalho é diminuir o erro numérico num algoritmo desenvolvido para TIE, utilizando o Filtro Estendido de Kalman. Especificamente, esse algoritmo aplica-se na a obtenção de imagens dos pulmões do corpo humano. Para realizar tal objetivo foram projetados phantoms compostos por um recipiente circular com solução salina, dentro do qual é colado um objeto cilíndrico de vidro e 32 eletrodos localizados no contorno do recipiente. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo em linguagem C, utilizando a técnica de Filtro Estendido de Kalman para estimação de parâmetros de um modelo de elementos finitos. Foram implementados o procedimento de renumeração da malha de elementos finitos, com o objetivo de obter uma matriz de condutividade de banda, e o procedimento de melhoramento iterativo da solução para diminuir o erro numérico de soluções de sistemas lineares. Foram comparados dois algoritmos, um utilizando matriz de condutividade esparsa Alg Esparsa e outro com matriz de condutividade de banda limitada, obtida por renumeração da malha, e aplicando refinamento iterativo na solução de sistemas lineares, Alg RRI. Obtiveram-se melhores estimativas de impedância e uma melhor estabilidade do algoritmo do Filtro de Kalman com o algoritmo Alg RRI. O erro numérico na inversa da matriz de condutividade e o erro numérico na matriz de sensibilidade são significativamente menores quando se utiliza renumeração da malha e refinamento iterativo da solução de sistemas lineares. A redução de erro numérico nestas matrizes leva a melhores imagens.The Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is applied for the continuing monitoring and detection of serious pulmonar change. It may be used in intensive care units for the evaluation of patient condition in critical state submitted to artificial ventilation. It is not necessary to leave the intensive care unit and disconnect life assist devices. This technique allow estimation of impedance distribution on a cross section of the thorax. The main of this work is the reduction of numerical error in the Kalman Filter for EIT image estimation. Specifically, this algorithm may be applied for estimating lunge impedance distribution. To obtain this objective a phantom was developed. It is constituted by a cilindrical container with saline solution, a glass object is glued to the container, and 32 electrodes attached to the container wall. An algorithm in C language, using the Extended Kalman Filter technique was developed, it is a parameter estimation procedure. Mesh renumbering, to obtain a band limited conductivity matrix and the iterative improvement of the solution of linear systems were implemented. The estimation of impedance distribution was performed. Two different algorithms were considered. One algorithm uses a sparse conductivity matrix, Alg sparse. Another algorithm uses a band limited conductivity matrix and iterative refinement of the solution of linear systems, Alg RRI. Better impedance estimation and better stability of Kalman Filter algorithm was obtained using Alg RRI. The numerical error on the inverse of the conductivity matrix and the numerical error on the sensitivity matrix were smaller on algorithm Alg RRI. The numerical error reduction on the conductivity matrix and on the sensitivity matrix produced better images

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

International audienceA primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the O(10)  MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the νe component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section σ(Eν) for charged-current νe absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova νe spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of σ(Eν) modeling uncertainties on DUNE’s supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on σ(Eν) must be substantially reduced before the νe flux parameters can be extracted reliably; in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10% bias with DUNE requires σ(Eν) to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of σ(Eν). A direct measurement of low-energy νe-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals